Egy kardinális kérdés. Fráter György bíborossá kreálásáról

Kanász Viktor: Egy kardinális kérdés. Fráter György bíborossá kreálásáról.
In: Certamen XII. Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület , Kolozsvár, pp. 151-161. (2025)

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Creators:

Creators	ORCID	MTMT szerző azonosító
Kanász Viktor	0000-0002-3871-0142	10055528

Abstract:

The prelates appointed as cardinals by the Pope at the behest of monarchs were commonly referred to as crown-cardinals. During the late Middle Ages several of them were Hungarian, among them Tamás Bakóc, who was elevated to the position in the years leading up to the Battle of Mohács (1526). Emperor Ferdinand I devoted several decades to efforts aimed at establishing a Hungarian crown-cardinal. Initially, the Archbishop of Esztergom, Pál Várday, emerged as his primary candidate. However, from the late 1540s onward, the de facto ruler of Transylvania, Bishop György Fráter of Várad (Oradea), became Ferdinand’s central focus in this endeavour. Fráter had already gained recognition in Rome, and his appointment as crown-cardinal was supported by the papal nuncio at the court of Ferdinand I, Girolamo Martinengo, too. At the consistory of 12 October 1551, Pope Julius III elevated him to the cardinalate, thereby after many decades the Kingdom of Hungary had a crown-cardinal again. Fráter quickly became aware of the papal favour, but soon events took a dramatic turn, culminating in the assassination of the new cardinal in December 1551. As a result, Fráter was unable to exercise any of the duties associated with his new rank, and it is likely that he was unable to wear the cardinal’s habit. Finally, it is important to point out that following Fráter’s death the dynamics of the Hungarian crown-cardinalship underwent a profound transformation: from 1556, after King Ferdinand’s ascension to the imperial throne, the Hungarian rulers began to nominate Fráter’s successors not on the basis of their royal authority, but rather with their imperial dignity. This shift in practice remained a defining feature of Hungarian cardinal appointments for centuries thereafter.

Title of Book:

Certamen XII

Date:

2025

Number of Pages:

Page Range:

pp. 151-161

Publisher:

Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület

Place of Publication:

Kolozsvár

Institution: