| Absztrakt (kivonat) - idegen nyelvű: |
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering. This creates combinations of plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods. However, new technologies are now being used to artificially develop other traits in plants, such as a resistance to the ageing of apples, and to create new organisms using synthetic biology. Despite promises from the biotech industry, there is no evidence that any of the GMOs currently on the market offer increased yield, drought tolerance, enhanced nutrition, or any other consumer benefit. An increasing evidence connects GMOs with health problems, environmental damage, and violation of farmers’ and consumers’ rights. More than 60 countries around the world – including Australia, Japan, and all of the member States of the European Union – require GMOs to be labeled. Globally, there are also 300 regions with outright bans on growing GMOs. In the absence of credible independent long-term feeding studies, the safety of GMOs is unknown. GMOs impact on the environment is significant. Most GMOs are a direct extension of chemical agriculture and are developed and marketed by the world’s largest chemical companies. The longterm impacts of these GMOs remain unknown. Once released into the environment, these novel organisms cannot be recalled and their impact thereon cannot be neutralized. Over the past decade, the United States and the European Union have implemented widely divergent regulatory systems to govern the production and consumption of GM agricultural crops. In the United States, many products have been tested and commercially produced and marketed, while in the EU, few products have been approved and a de facto moratorium has limited the production, import, and domestic sale of most GM crops. These divergent approaches have led to a conflict over the implications for international trade in genetically modified products, to the point where the US, Canada and Argentina succeeded in establishing a World Trade Organization dispute panel to begin to test the legality of European policy towards imports of GM foods in September 2003. Data shows that GM policies of the EU are substantially altering trade flows. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the fact that the use of GMOs without legal regulation is dangerous and to summarize the factors that have already been established and within the regulation. These factors can be grouped as follows: partially unrecognized risks, economic and competition concerns, political implications and a major part of agricultural cultivation. |
| Kulcsszavak: |
biotechnológia, géntechnológia, genetikailag módosított szervezetek, gazdasági jog, versenyjog, jogi szabályozás, agrárgazdaság, környezetvédelem, Európai Unió, Magyarország |
![[thumbnail of 000990598.pdf]](https://publikacio.ppke.hu/style/images/fileicons/text.png)
